Sources

1.  The Annals of Congress online - congressional debates from 1789 -1824. From this page you can reach later Congresses as well.

2.  The American State Papers - legislative and executive documents from 1789-1838.  Foreign relations, Indian Affairs, Finances, Commerce and Navigation, Military Affairs, Naval Affairs, Post Office, Public Lands, Claims, and Miscellaneous.

3.  Louisiana Purchase Papers at Yale

4.  Chronology of American History in Primary Documents, Yale

5.  Travel Narratives, 1750-1920. American and foreign views of America.

6.  Library of Congress primary documents collection.  Has a large section on western expansion.

7.  American Journeys - more travel narratives, with a strong teacher resource section.